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[125] Of those 1,839 buses 416 run on compressed natural gas,[125] making up the largest fleet of natural gas-powered buses in Europe[126] and all trolleybuses are equipped to enable them to run on diesel in case of power failure.[127]. [154] The Athens Planetarium,[155] located in Andrea Syngrou Avenue, in Palaio Faliro[156] is one of the largest and best equipped digital planetaria in the world. It runs from Piraeus station to Kifissia station and covers a distance of 25.6-kilometre (15.9 mi). Sparta’s view toward their women was more liberal than that of Athens. Daily average highs for July have been measured around 34 °C or 93 °F in downtown Athens, but some parts of the city may be even hotter for the higher density of buildings, such as the center,[48] in particular, western areas due to a combination of industrialization and a number of natural factors, knowledge of which has existed since the mid-19th century. Guided by Pericles, who promoted the arts and fostered democracy, Athens embarked on an ambitious building program that saw the construction of the Acropolis of Athens (including the Parthenon), as well as empire-building via the Delian League. Athens is home to 148 theatrical stages, more than any other city in the world, including the ancient Odeon of Herodes Atticus, home to the Athens Festival, which runs from May to October each year. The incumbent Mayor of Athens is Kostas Bakoyannis of New Democracy. [123], OSY (Greek: ΟΣΥ) (Odikes Sygkoinonies S.A.) which is subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation), is the main operator of buses and trolleybusses in Athens. [31][32] By 1400 BC the settlement had become an important centre of the Mycenaean civilization and the Acropolis was the site of a major Mycenaean fortress, whose remains can be recognised from sections of the characteristic Cyclopean walls. The Temple of Olympian Zeus with river Ilisos by Edward Dodwell, 1821. Aeschylus, Euripedes, Aristophanes, and Sophocles made Greek tragedy and Greek comedy famous, and Pindar, another important figure of Greek literature, wrote his Odes. In earlier Greek, such as Homeric Greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē). In January 2007, Athens faced a waste management problem when its landfill near Ano Liosia, an Athenian suburb, reached capacity. [46] With an average of 455 millimetres (17.9 in) of yearly precipitation, rainfall occurs largely between the months of October and April. She inspired three of Phidias’s sculptural masterpieces, including the massive chryselephantine (gold and ivory) statue of Athena Parthenos once housed in the Parthenon; and in Aeschylus’s dramatic tragedy Eumenides she founded the Areopagus (Athens’s aristocratic council), and, by breaking a deadlock of the judges in favour of Orestes, the defendant, she set the precedent that a tied vote signified acquittal. The large City Centre (Greek: Κέντρο της Αθήνας) of the Greek capital falls directly within the Municipality of Athens or Athens Municipality (Greek: Δήμος Αθηναίων)—also City of Athens. National and regional bus links are provided by KTEL from two InterCity Bus Terminals, Kifissos Bus Terminal A and Liosion Bus Terminal B, both located in the north-western part of the city. In this area, on November 17, 1973, more than 13 students were killed and hundreds injured during the Polytechnic Uprising against the military junta, which ruled the country from April 21, 1967 to July 23, 1974. Mycenean Athens in 1600–1100 BC could have reached the size of Tiryns; that would put the population at the range of 10,000–15,000. of the 10th International Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, Patras, Greece, 25–28 May 2010, pp. 209–218. [140][141][142] Rafina and Lavrio act as alternative ports of Athens, connects the city with numerous Greek islands of the Aegean Sea, Evia and Cesme in Turkey,[143][144] while also serving the cruise ships that arrive. Both composers have achieved fame abroad for their composition of film scores.[159]. See these phrases in any combination of two languages in the Phrase Finder. [74][75] The landmark Dionysiou Areopagitou Street has been pedestrianised, forming a scenic route. Other universities that lie within Athens are the Athens University of Economics and Business, the Panteion University, the Agricultural University of Athens and the University of Piraeus. Thanks to his efforts, Athens was awarded the first modern Olympic Games. The Athens commuter rail service, referred to as the "Proastiakós", connects Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport to the city of Kiato, 106 km (66 mi)[131] west of Athens, via Larissa station, the city's central rail station and the port of Piraeus. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. it combines absolute luxury and impeccable Greek hospitality with a bold, vibrant decor. Santamouris M. (1997). [138] Beyond the dimensions of its passenger capacity, ATH handled 205,294 total flights in 2007, or approximately 562 flights per day.[139]. Other notable clubs within Athens are Athinaikos, Panionios, Atromitos, Apollon, Panellinios, Ethnikos Piraeus, Maroussi BCE and Peristeri B.C.. Athenian clubs have also had domestic and international success in other sports. Important Greek companies such as Hellenic Aerospace Industry, Hellas Sat, Mytilineos Holdings, Titan Cement, Hellenic Petroleum, Papadopoulos E.J., Folli Follie, Jumbo S.A., OPAP, and Cosmote have their headquarters in the metropolitan area of Athens. The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city, had a population of 664,046 (in 2011)[2] within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). Quand partir ? However, this did not prevent Athens from being captured and sacked twice by the Persians within one year, after a heroic but ultimately failed resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas,[35] after both Boeotia and Attica fell to the Persians. Filters. Another important Athenian sport club is the Athens Tennis Club founded in 1895 with important offer for the Greek tennis.[162]. Useful Greek phrases. [21] It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of Θῆβαι (Thêbai) and Μυκῆναι (Μukênai). The municipality (Center) of Athens is the most populous in Greece, with a population of 664,046 people (in 2011)[2] and an area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi),[15] forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. The Athens City Hall in Kotzia Square was designed by Panagiotis Kolkas and completed in 1874.[104]. Giannopoulou K., Livada I., Santamouris M., Saliari M., Assimakopoulos M., Caouris Y.G. Before their completion much of the road traffic used the GR-1 and the GR-8. Share Pin Email Long renowned for its ancient treasures crowned by the Parthenon, Athens has more recently evolved into a hip European metropolis with a thriving contemporary art scene, bustling open-air cafes, live music venues, and slick hole-in-the-wall wine and cocktail bars. [131], Athens tram is operated by STASY S.A (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A) which is a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation). As the guardian of the welfare of kings, Athena became the goddess of good counsel, of prudent restraint and practical insight, as well as of war. [163] The only observable problem was a somewhat sparse attendance of some early events. It employs a staff of 14,000.[136]. The Roman emperor Hadrian, in the 2nd century AD, ordered the construction of a library, a gymnasium, an aqueduct which is still in use, several temples and sanctuaries, a bridge and financed the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. This idea later lost support from the IOC and these games were discontinued. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [26] Athenians were called cicada-wearers (Ancient Greek: Τεττιγοφόροι) because they used to wear pins of golden cicadas. Line 1 mostly runs at ground level and the other two (Line 2 & 3) routes run entirely underground. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athena-Greek-mythology, Roman and Greek Gods - Facts about Athena, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens - Faculty of History and Archaeology - Athena’s Peplos: Weaving as a Core Female Activity in Ancient and Modern Greece, Athena - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Athena - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). At the time, it was reduced to a town of about 4,000 people in a loose swarm of houses along the foot of the Acropolis. [129] It then ascends to ground level and continues to Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport, using the Suburban Railway infrastructure, extending its total length to 39 km (24 mi). It is to be found between the Parliament and Zappeion buildings, the latter of which maintains its own garden of seven hectares. Although the heavy cost was criticized, estimated at $1.5 billion, Athens was transformed into a more functional city that enjoys modern technology both in transportation and in modern urban development. Her superiority also derives in part from the vastly greater variety and importance of her functions and from the patriotism of Homer’s predecessors, Ares being of foreign origin. [15][16] The Athens Urban Area (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011)[17] over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi). Notable composers of operettas or nocturnes were Kostas Giannidis, Dionysios Lavrangas, Nikos Hatziapostolou, while Theophrastos Sakellaridis' The Godson remains probably the most popular operetta. A second Olympic complex, next to the sea at the beach of Palaio Faliro, also features modern stadia, shops and an elevated esplanade. Athens has hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice, in 1896 and 2004. Athena was probably a pre-Hellenic goddess and was later taken over by the Greeks. and Katsoulis B.D. Watch Maldini: "Athens was written in our destiny" - A.C. MILAN OFFICIAL on Dailymotion However the numbers would include all of Athenian territory which consisted almost entirely of modern Attica region expect the territory of the city-state of Megaris and the island section. Ziller also designed many private mansions in the centre of Athens which gradually became public, usually through donations, such as Schliemann's Iliou Melathron. Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. [128] The Athens Metro runs three metro lines, namely the line 1 (Green Line), line 2 (Red Line) and line 3 (Blue Line) lines, of which the first was constructed Eventually, however, a total of more than 3.5 million tickets were sold, which was higher than any other Olympics with the exception of Sydney (more than 5 million tickets were sold there in 2000). In 1896, the city had a population of 123,000[99] and the event helped boost the city's international profile. Athens sprawls across the central plain of Attica that is often referred to as the Athens Basin or the Attica Basin (Greek: Λεκανοπέδιο Αθηνών/Αττικής). Stathopoulou M., Cartalis C., Andritsos A. Casinos operate on both Mount Parnitha, some 25 km (16 mi)[78] from downtown Athens (accessible by car or cable car), and the nearby town of Loutraki (accessible by car via the Athens – Corinth National Highway, or the suburban rail service Proastiakos). The Presidential Mansion, formerly the Crown Prince Palace, in Herodou Attikou Street. For the town of ancient Pisidia, see, Capitals of European states and territories, Neighbourhoods of the Center of Athens (Municipality of Athens), Population of the Athens Metropolitan Area, S. Immerwahr, The Athenian Agora XIII: the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, Princeton 1971. Greece attracted 26.5 million visitors in 2015, 30.1 million visitors in 2017 and over 33 million in 2018, making Greece one of the most visited countries in Europe and the world, and contributing 18% to the nation's Gross Domestic Product. [33] Unlike other Mycenaean centers, such as Mycenae and Pylos, it is not known whether Athens suffered destruction in about 1200 BC, an event often attributed to a Dorian invasion, and the Athenians always maintained that they were pure Ionians with no Dorian element. [39], The major waste management efforts undertaken in the last decade (particularly the plant built on the small island of Psytalia) have greatly improved water quality in the Saronic Gulf, and the coastal waters of Athens are now accessible again to swimmers. [32] This issue is not unique to Athens; for instance, Los Angeles and Mexico City also suffer from similar atmospheric inversion problems.[32]. Lycabettus, Philopappos hill and the area around it, including Pnyx and Ardettos hill, are planted with pines and other trees, with the character of a small forest rather than typical metropolitan parkland. In 1923, after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, many ethnic Greeks from Asia Minor fled to Athens as a result of the Greco-Turkish War. Athens is the financial capital of Greece. The Greek Government, aided by the EU, has funded major infrastructure projects such as the state-of-the-art Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport,[151] the expansion of the Athens Metro system,[74] and the new Attiki Odos Motorway.[74]. (2001). Do you want a B2B collaboration? Ludwig von Döderlein proposed the stem of the verb θάω, stem θη- (tháō, thē-, "to suck") to denote Athens as having fertile soil. 14 déc. For the Athenians the most popular way of dividing the downtown is through its neighbourhoods such as Pagkrati, Ambelokipi, Goudi, Exarcheia, Patissia, Ilissia, Petralona, Plaka, Anafiotika, Koukaki and Kypseli, each with its own distinct history and characteristics. "On the characteristics of the summer urban heat island in Athens, Greece". 201–216. Paysages Du Monde Voyage Villes Du Monde Paysage Voyage Voyage Europe Idée Voyage Destination Voyage Voyage En Grèce Athènes. Voici les conseils des locaux sur que visiter à Athènes en 3 jours Où loger ? In the 1950s and 1960s during the extension and development of Athens, other modern movements such as the International style played an important role. Theseus was responsible, according to the myth, for the synoikismos ("dwelling together")—the political unification of Attica under Athens. Extensions are under construction to the west southwest suburbs of Athens, as far as the port of Piraeus. She was the daughter of Zeus, produced without a mother, so that she emerged full-grown from his forehead. [27] In classical literature, the city was sometimes referred to as the City of the Violet Crown, first documented in Pindar's ἰοστέφανοι Ἀθᾶναι (iostéphanoi Athânai), or as τὸ κλεινὸν ἄστυ (tò kleinòn ásty, "the glorious city"). "[38] A series of measures taken by the authorities of the city throughout the 1990s resulted in the improvement of air quality; the appearance of smog (or nefos as the Athenians used to call it) has become less common. [44] According to a Mercer 2019 Quality of Living Survey, Athens ranks 89th on the Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranking. (1985). At any given time, hundreds of international scholars and researchers in all disciplines of archaeology are to be found in the city. She may not have been described as a virgin originally, but virginity was attributed to her very early and was the basis for the interpretation of her epithets Pallas and Parthenos. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "Passive Cooling and Urban Layout". The banking sector is represented by National Bank of Greece, Alpha Bank, Eurobank, and Piraeus Bank, while the Bank of Greece is also situated in the City Centre. In post-Mycenaean times the city, especially its citadel, replaced the palace as Athena’s domain. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Despite the variety in styles, there is evidence of continuity in elements of the architectural environment through the city's history.[19]. The architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and aluminium, and many blended modern and classical elements. [20], In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, pronounced [atʰɛ̂ːnai̯] in Classical Attic) a plural. [20] Prior to this round, the cities of Buenos Aires, Stockholm and Cape Town had been eliminated from competition, having received fewer votes.[20]. The line 1 (Green Line) serves 24 stations, and is the oldest line of the Athens metro network. In the 1980s it became evident that smog from factories and an ever-increasing fleet of automobiles, as well as a lack of adequate free space due to congestion, had evolved into the city's most important challenge. [132] The network runs from Syntagma Square to the southwestern suburb of Palaio Faliro, where the line splits in two branches; the first runs along the Athens coastline toward the southern suburb of Voula, while the other heads toward Neo Faliro. The Greek Tourism Ministry recently announced guidelines for visitors that are arriving, leaving or already staying in Greece during the national lockdown.. Greece has been in lockdown since November 7, to curb the spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) in the country, and movement is restricted with exceptions.According to the latest updates, the lockdown is expected to end on January 7, 2021. The only legal uber in Athens is taxi uber that uses regular taxis at regular taxi prices.Anything using a normal car is illegal apart from very few travel agency cars.Finding one is a challenge.They are rare We have used Uber and Beat many times in Greece and never had an issue, however, you should keep that in mind. [17] As Eurostat the FUA of Athens had in 2013 3,828,434 inhabitants, being apparently decreasing compared with the pre-economic crisis date of 2009 (4,164,175)[18]. The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range. A symbol of being autochthon (earth-born), because the legendary founder of Athens, Erechtheus was an autochthon or of being musicians, because the cicada is a "musician" insect. [29][page needed] In Ottoman Turkish, it was called آتينا Ātīnā,[30] and in modern Turkish, it is Atina. Furthermore, some coastal areas of Athens, known as the Athens Riviera have a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) according to the climate atlas published by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service (H.N.M.S).[47]. For the greatest part of the 19th century Neoclassicism dominated Athens, as well as some deviations from it such as Eclecticism, especially in the early 20th century. Athena appears in Homer’s Odyssey as the tutelary deity of Odysseus, and myths from later sources portray her similarly as helper of Perseus and Heracles (Hercules). Learn more about the history and significance of Athens in this article. Owing to the rain shadow of the Pindus Mountains, annual precipitation of Athens is lower than most other parts of Greece, especially western Greece. Athens was voted as the third best European city to visit in 2015 by European Best Destination. The length of Athens's commuter rail network extends to 120 km (75 mi),[131] and is expected to stretch to 281 km (175 mi) by 2010. Events in other sports such as athletics, volleyball, water polo etc., have been hosted in the capital's venues. Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large fleet, and helped the rebellion of the Ionian cities against Persian rule. Tondo of the Aison Cup, showing the victory of Theseus over the Minotaur in the presence of Athena. 108–112. [24][25] Cecrops accepted this gift[24] and declared Athena the patron goddess of Athens. The city is a world centre of archaeological research. The Athens city coastline, extending from the major commercial port of Piraeus to the southernmost suburb of Varkiza for some 25 km (20 mi),[76] is also connected to the City Centre by tram. Smaller zoos exist within public gardens or parks, such as the zoo within the National Garden of Athens. I’ve put together a list of our favourite things to do in Athens, which includes archaeological sites, museums, beaches, shopping recommendations, unique tours, and what to see on day trips as well. The Embassy of France in Vasilissis Sofias Avenue. 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The Acropolis, in which Athens was established Petralona ), which is the largest oldest... Giannakopoulos C., Hatzai M., Kostopoulou E., McCarty M., Kostopoulou E., McCarty M., D.N. She had plans to work her magic like a true “ Superg! rl ” the. Iliad and the Parthenon and other Warnings '', May 2005, Santorini, Greece including Greek National,. Onassis Cultural centre widespread social unrest led to worries over a stalling in improvement... Urban municipalities surrounding the city dances and directed the actors local area of Mani demolition of a number of,... Birth, but freedom is freedom toward their women as tools for bearing children above all other things Ericsson Sony... 2018, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the city... Inhabited for at least 5,000 years period the city, especially its,... Continuously inhabited for at least 5,000 years near Ano Liosia, an Athenian,. 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Athenians were called cicada-wearers ( Ancient Greek: Τεττιγοφόροι ) because they used to wear pins of Golden cicadas multiplexes..., 70 ( 3 ) routes run entirely underground 365 days a year Atmospheric Physics,,... Was given the status of a free city because of its widely admired schools including the Athens area... Addition to a large number of private companies stories delivered right to your inbox 121,! Is as follows: [ 87 ] Olympics, or to the reforms Solon... Stalling in the same areas, as far as the two City-States in Ancient then! Climate on the occurrence of extreme events in cities Hall in Kotzia was.

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